Signal Integrity Starts at the Connector
1. Impedance Matching
Route differential pairs at 90Ω (USB) or 100Ω (Ethernet/PCIe). Keep ground plane continuous.
2. Ground Strategy
Provide solid ground stitching vias around high-speed connectors.
3. Length Matching
Match differential pair lengths within 5 mils.
4. Via Transitions
Minimize vias. Use back-drilling above 10Gbps.
5. Placement
Place connectors at board edge with short routing.