MCU vs MPU: The Core Question
Microcontroller (MCU)
Integrated CPU, RAM, flash, peripherals on one chip. Low cost, low power, real-time. Examples: STM32, AVR, PIC, ESP32.
Microprocessor (MPU)
CPU only — requires external RAM and storage. High performance, runs Linux. Examples: i.MX, RK3588.
Decision Guide
- RTOS or bare-metal? MCU
- Linux or complex UI? MPU
- Battery-powered? MCU
- Video or AI inference? MPU